Francis Townsend

Francis Townsend, seated at desk, with microphones hec.27728

Francis Townsend
Born	Francis Everett Townsend January 13, 1867 Fairbury, Illinois, U.S.
Died	September 1, 1960 Los Angeles, California, U.S.
Nationality	American
Occupation	Physician, social reformer
Known for	Townsend Plan

Francis Everett Townsend (January 13, 1867 – September 1, 1960) was an American physician and social reformer best known for his proposal of the Townsend Plan, a pension scheme during the Great Depression.

Early Life

Francis Townsend was born in Fairbury, Illinois, and grew up in a farming family. He attended medical school and became a licensed physician. After practicing medicine in various locations, he eventually settled in Long Beach, California.

The Townsend Plan

The Great Depression had a profound impact on the United States, leading to widespread unemployment and poverty. In response to the economic crisis, Townsend proposed the Townsend Plan in 1933. The plan called for a monthly pension of $200 to be paid to every American citizen over the age of 60, provided they were retired and agreed to spend the money within 30 days. The plan was intended to stimulate the economy by increasing consumer spending and to provide financial security for the elderly.

Advocacy and Impact

Townsend's proposal gained significant support and led to the formation of the Townsend Clubs, grassroots organizations that advocated for the implementation of the plan. At its peak, the movement had millions of members and exerted considerable political pressure. Although the Townsend Plan was never enacted into law, it influenced the development of the Social Security Act of 1935, which established a national pension system.

Later Life and Legacy

After the decline of the Townsend movement, Francis Townsend continued to advocate for social reform and remained active in public life. He passed away on September 1, 1960, in Los Angeles, California. Townsend's efforts are remembered for highlighting the need for social security and for his role in shaping public policy during a critical period in American history.

See Also

• Social Security Act
• Great Depression
• Pension
• Social reform