Franciscan

Franciscan

The term "Franciscan" refers to members of the religious orders founded by Saint Francis of Assisi, a Catholic friar and preacher who lived in the 12th and 13th centuries. The Franciscan movement is characterized by its commitment to poverty, humility, and a deep love for all of creation.

History

The Franciscan Order was founded in 1209 when Saint Francis received approval from Pope Innocent III to lead a life according to the Gospel. The order grew rapidly, attracting followers who were inspired by Francis's example of living in poverty and serving the poor.

Early Development

The early Franciscans, known as the "Friars Minor," emphasized a life of simplicity and service. They traveled widely, preaching and helping those in need. The order was officially recognized by the church in 1223 with the approval of the "Regula Bullata," the official rule of the order.

Expansion and Division

As the order grew, it faced challenges and divisions. Some members wanted to adhere strictly to Francis's original vision of poverty, while others sought a more moderate approach. This led to the formation of different branches within the Franciscan movement, including the Observant Franciscans and the Conventual Franciscans.

Branches of the Franciscan Order

The Franciscan family includes several branches, each with its own focus and interpretation of Francis's teachings.

Order of Friars Minor (OFM)

The Order of Friars Minor is the largest branch and is often simply referred to as the "Franciscans." They continue to emphasize poverty, humility, and service.

Order of Friars Minor Capuchin (OFMCap)

The Capuchins are known for their commitment to a simple lifestyle and their distinctive brown robes with large hoods. They emerged in the 16th century as a reform movement within the Franciscan family.

Order of Friars Minor Conventual (OFMConv)

The Conventuals focus on community life and education. They often live in larger communities and are involved in academic and pastoral work.

Franciscan Spirituality

Franciscan spirituality is centered on the life and teachings of Saint Francis. It emphasizes:

• **Poverty and Simplicity**: Living without attachment to material possessions.
• **Love for Creation**: Seeing all of creation as a reflection of God's love.
• **Peace and Reconciliation**: Promoting peace and resolving conflicts.
• **Joy and Humility**: Finding joy in serving others and living humbly.

Influence and Legacy

The Franciscan movement has had a profound impact on the Catholic Church and the world. Franciscans have been involved in missionary work, education, and social justice initiatives. The order has produced many notable figures, including Saint Anthony of Padua and Saint Clare of Assisi.

See Also

• Saint Francis of Assisi
• Franciscan spirituality
• Franciscan missions in California

References

• Moorman, John. A History of the Franciscan Order: From Its Origins to the Year 1517. Oxford University Press, 1968.
• Armstrong, Regis J., et al. Francis of Assisi: Early Documents. New City Press, 1999.