Francisco Goya

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Francisco Goya

Name	Francisco Goya
Birth name
Birth date	30 March 1746
Birth place	Fuendetodos, Aragon, Spain
Death date	16 April 1828
Death place	Bordeaux, France
Alma mater
Occupation	Painter, Printmaker
Years active
Organization
Known for
Notable works
Spouse(s)
Website

Francisco José de Goya y Lucientes (30 March 1746 – 16 April 1828) was a prominent Spanish painter and printmaker. He is often regarded as the most important Spanish artist of the late 18th and early 19th centuries and is sometimes referred to as both the last of the Old Masters and the first of the moderns.

Early Life and Education

Goya was born in the small village of Fuendetodos, in Aragon, Spain, to a lower-middle-class family. His father, José Benito de Goya y Franque, was a gilder, and his mother, Gracia de Lucientes y Salvador, came from a minor noble family. Goya's early education was in Zaragoza, where he began his artistic training at the age of 14 under the painter José Luzán.

Career

Goya moved to Madrid in 1763, where he studied with the painter Francisco Bayeu. He later traveled to Italy in 1770 to further his studies. Upon returning to Spain, Goya began working for the Spanish court, eventually becoming the official court painter to King Charles IV of Spain.

Court Painter

Goya's work as a court painter included portraits of the royal family and other nobility. His style evolved over time, moving from the Rococo style of his early works to a more personal and expressive style. Notable works from this period include The Family of Charles IV and The Nude Maja.

Illness and Later Works

In 1793, Goya suffered a severe illness that left him deaf. This event marked a turning point in his career, leading to a darker and more introspective phase in his art. During this time, he created the Caprichos, a series of 80 etchings that critique the social and political issues of his time.

The Black Paintings

In the later years of his life, Goya created the Black Paintings, a series of murals painted directly onto the walls of his house, the Quinta del Sordo. These works are characterized by their dark themes and haunting imagery, reflecting Goya's pessimistic view of humanity.

Legacy

Goya's influence on modern art is profound. His work prefigures the Romantic movement and has been cited as an influence by artists such as Édouard Manet, Pablo Picasso, and Francis Bacon. Goya's ability to convey emotion and his innovative use of light and shadow have made him a pivotal figure in the history of art.

Also see

• Spanish art
• Romanticism
• Édouard Manet
• Pablo Picasso
• Francis Bacon (artist)