Freesia

Freesia refracta (Jacq.) Klatt (AM AK333551-2)

Flower March 2010-2

Freesia caryophyllacea 1DS-II 1-8705

Freesia corymbosa KirstenboshBotGard09292010wildformB

Freesia grandiflora KirstenboshBotGard09292010A

Freesia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Iridaceae, native to the eastern side of southern Africa, from Kenya down to South Africa. Most species are native to Cape Province, South Africa. The genus was named after Friedrich Freese (1795–1876), a German physician. Freesias are known for their zesty fragrance and are commonly used in perfumery and in gardening as ornamental plants.

Description

Freesias are herbaceous perennial plants which are grown from bulbs. They have narrow, sword-shaped leaves and produce delicate, tubular flowers that come in a variety of colors, including white, yellow, orange, red, pink, mauve, lavender, and purple. The flowers are borne in a one-sided inflorescence, with each flower turned to one side, giving the plant a unique appearance. Freesias bloom in the spring.

Cultivation

Freesias prefer a sunny location and well-drained soil. They are often grown in greenhouses in cooler climates to protect them from frost. In warmer climates, freesias can be planted directly in the ground. They require regular watering during the growing season but should be kept dry during dormancy. Freesias are propagated by corms, which are planted in the fall in warm climates and in the spring in cooler areas.

Uses

Freesias are popular in cut-flower arrangements due to their long vase life and distinctive fragrance. They are also used in weddings for bouquets and decorations. In addition to their use in floristry, freesias are planted in gardens and borders for their colorful blooms and scent. The essential oils extracted from freesia flowers are used in the production of perfumes and scented products.

Varieties

There are approximately 14 species of Freesia, with numerous cultivars developed for their varied and vibrant colors. Some well-known cultivars include Freesia 'Alba', which produces pure white flowers, and Freesia 'Red Baron', which has striking red blossoms.

Conservation

While some species of Freesia are common and widely cultivated, others are rare and face threats from habitat loss and over-collection. Conservation efforts are in place in their native habitats to protect these species from extinction.

Cultural Significance

Freesias have been associated with innocence, trust, friendship, and thoughtfulness. They are often given as gifts to convey these sentiments. In the language of flowers, freesias symbolize lasting friendship and innocence.