Greenhouses

Template:Greenhouse A greenhouse (also called a glasshouse or hothouse) is a structure with walls and a roof primarily made of transparent material, such as glass, in which plants that require regulated climatic conditions are grown. These structures range in size from small sheds to industrial-sized buildings. A miniature greenhouse is known as a cold frame.

History

The concept of greenhouses first appeared in the Roman Empire under the reign of Tiberius to cultivate medicinal plants. The modern greenhouse was invented in Italy in the 13th century to house the exotic plants that explorers brought back from the tropics. They were originally called "giardini botanici" (botanical gardens).

Structure and Design

A greenhouse is typically made of glass or plastic; this allows natural light to enter for photosynthesis while retaining heat. The structure will generally have a frame made of aluminum, galvanized steel, or wood. Greenhouses can be divided into different types based on shape, construction, and ventilation method, including lean-to, span roof, and Dutch light.

Function and Use

The primary purpose of a greenhouse is to protect plants from excess cold or heat and unwanted pests. A greenhouse makes it possible to grow certain types of crops year-round, and fruits, tobacco plants, vegetables, and flowers are what a greenhouse most commonly grows. Advanced greenhouses can also be equipped with screening installations, heating, cooling, lighting, and may be controlled by a computer to optimize conditions for plant growth.

Environmental Control

Different techniques are used to moderate the internal temperature of a greenhouse. Common methods include using a shade cloth, evaporative cooling, and heating systems. Ventilation is also an important aspect of greenhouse design to regulate the temperature and humidity levels within the structure.

Economic and Social Impact

Greenhouses are often used for growing flowers, vegetables, fruits, and transplants. Special greenhouse varieties of certain crops, such as tomatoes, are generally not too vigorous, yield more, and are disease resistant. In the 21st century, greenhouses are increasingly important in the food supply of high-latitude countries.

Challenges

One of the main challenges in greenhouse farming is controlling the internal environment to suit the needs of the plants being grown. Additionally, the cost of heating a greenhouse in winter can be high, so many growers opt for crops that do not require high temperatures, which can reduce heating costs.

Future Trends

Technological advancements are expected to continue in the area of greenhouse farming, which may include more automated systems, improved energy efficiency, and the use of LED lighting to enhance plant growth.