Fukan zazengi

Fukan Zazengi Tenpuku Copy

Fukan zazengi is a seminal text in the Zen tradition, attributed to the Japanese Zen master Eihei Dogen (1200–1253), the founder of the Soto school of Zen in Japan. Written in 1227, the Fukan zazengi is considered one of Dogen's first major writings after his return from China, where he studied Chan (Zen) Buddhism. The text serves as a concise guide for the practice of Zazen, or seated meditation, which is central to Zen practice.

Overview

The title Fukan zazengi roughly translates to "Universal Recommendations for Zazen." Dogen composed this work with the intention of introducing the essentials of Zen meditation to a broad audience, beyond the monastic community. The text emphasizes the importance of sitting meditation as the primary path to realizing enlightenment and insists that zazen is not only for monks but for everyone, regardless of their status or occupation.

Content

The Fukan zazengi outlines the practical aspects of zazen, such as the correct posture, breathing, and mental attitude. Dogen stresses the importance of sitting in the full lotus position (Padmasana), but he also acknowledges that other positions can be adopted if necessary. The text instructs practitioners to press the tongue against the roof of the mouth, breathe through the nose, and keep the eyes open but lowered. The ultimate goal of zazen, according to Dogen, is to let go of all discriminatory thoughts and attain a state of "thinking of not-thinking."

Significance

The Fukan zazengi is significant for several reasons. Firstly, it marks a departure from the esoteric and ritualistic practices that characterized much of Japanese Buddhism at the time, offering a direct, experiential approach to spiritual awakening. Secondly, it reflects Dogen's innovative teaching style, which emphasizes practice and personal experience over doctrinal study. Finally, the text has had a profound influence on the practice of Zen Buddhism, not only in Japan but also in the West, where zazen has become a central element of Zen practice.

Versions

There are two main versions of the Fukan zazengi: the "earlier" or "first" version, which Dogen wrote shortly after his return from China, and a "later" revised version. The later version is the one most commonly studied and practiced in the Soto Zen tradition today. It includes minor revisions and clarifications to the original text, reflecting Dogen's evolving understanding of Zen practice.

Conclusion

The Fukan zazengi remains a vital text for those interested in Zen Buddhism and meditation. Its straightforward, practical advice on zazen offers a clear path for practitioners seeking to experience Zen directly. Dogen's emphasis on meditation as a universal practice underscores the inclusive nature of Zen, inviting all individuals to engage in the pursuit of enlightenment.