Zazen

Kodo Sawaki Zazen

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Hsuan Hua Hong Kong 1

Zazen (Japanese: 坐禅, literally "seated meditation") is a meditative discipline that is typically the primary practice of the Zen tradition. Originating in India, it was brought to China by the Indian monk Bodhidharma in the 6th century and from there spread to Japan, Korea, and the rest of the world. Zazen is at the heart of Zen Buddhist practice and is aimed at calming the body and mind, and observing the thoughts and sensations that arise without attachment.

Practice

The practice of Zazen involves sitting in meditation, usually on a cushion called a zafu, in a quiet and conducive environment. Practitioners adopt a specific posture such as the full-lotus (Padmasana), half-lotus, or Burmese position, maintaining a straight but relaxed posture. The eyes are kept open or half-open, directed at the floor to avoid drowsiness. The hands are placed in the cosmic mudra, with the right hand on top of the left, palms up, and the thumbs lightly touching.

Breathing is a central aspect of Zazen, with emphasis on deep, abdominal breathing. Practitioners are instructed to breathe through the nose and focus their attention on the breath, or on a koan (a paradoxical question or statement to meditate upon) in some traditions. The goal is not to enter a trance or achieve a state of bliss, but rather to be present and aware of each moment.

Philosophical and Spiritual Aspects

Zazen is not only a practice of sitting but also a method of insight into the nature of existence. It is a way of realizing the concept of Sunyata (emptiness) and the interconnectedness of all things. Through diligent practice, one aims to shed all dualistic concepts and awaken to the true nature of the self and the universe, a state referred to as Satori or enlightenment.

Schools and Traditions

There are several schools within the Zen tradition, each with its own approach to Zazen. The two main schools in Japan are the Soto school, which emphasizes just sitting (Shikantaza) without any explicit focus of attention, and the Rinzai school, which uses koans as a central part of meditation practice. Other schools, such as the Obaku and Sanbo Kyodan, also have their unique interpretations and methods.

Health Benefits

While the primary purpose of Zazen is spiritual awakening, numerous studies have shown that regular meditation practice can have significant health benefits. These include stress reduction, improved concentration, lower blood pressure, and enhanced overall well-being.

Conclusion

Zazen is a profound practice that has been central to Zen Buddhism for centuries. It is a path to understanding the self and the universe through direct experience. As Zen Buddhism continues to spread globally, Zazen remains a vital practice for many on their spiritual journey.