Fumonisin B2

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Fumonisin B2

Fumonisin B2 is a mycotoxin produced by certain species of Fusarium fungi, notably Fusarium verticillioides and Fusarium proliferatum. These fungi are commonly found on maize (corn) and other cereals, where they can infect crops in the field or during storage. Fumonisin B2, along with its more studied counterpart, Fumonisin B1, is associated with various animal and potentially human health risks, highlighting the importance of monitoring and managing fumonisin levels in food and feed products.

Health Effects

Fumonisin B2 has been studied to a lesser extent than Fumonisin B1, but it is known to exhibit toxicity in animals and potentially in humans. In animals, exposure to fumonisins has been linked to diseases such as leukoencephalomalacia in horses, pulmonary edema in pigs, and liver and kidney damage in other species. The implications for human health are less clear, but there is concern that fumonisins may contribute to cancer, especially esophageal cancer, and birth defects. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has classified fumonisins as "possibly carcinogenic to humans" (Group 2B).

Detection and Control

Efforts to detect and control fumonisins in the food supply involve a combination of agricultural practices, such as crop rotation and the use of resistant maize varieties, and post-harvest interventions, including proper drying and storage of cereals. Analytical methods for detecting fumonisin B2 and other fumonisins include liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

Regulation

Various countries and international bodies have established guidelines or regulations for acceptable levels of fumonisins in food and feed. These regulations are based on scientific assessments of the risks posed by fumonisins to animal and human health and are intended to minimize exposure to these toxins.

Conclusion

While fumonisin B2 is less studied than Fumonisin B1, it is a significant concern due to its presence in widely consumed foods and its potential health risks. Ongoing research and monitoring are essential to better understand the impacts of fumonisin B2 and to develop effective strategies for minimizing exposure to this and other mycotoxins.