Liquid chromatography

Liquid chromatography (LC) is a separation technique used in analytical chemistry to separate, identify, and quantify each component in a mixture. It relies on pumps to pass a pressurized liquid solvent containing the sample mixture through a column filled with a solid adsorbent material. Each component in the sample interacts slightly differently with the adsorbent material, causing different flow rates for the different components and leading to the separation of the components as they flow out of the column.

History

The development of liquid chromatography started in the mid-19th century with the work of Russian scientist Mikhail Tsvet. He is known for his development of adsorption chromatography, the precursor to liquid chromatography.

Types of Liquid Chromatography

There are several types of liquid chromatography, each with its own specific uses and advantages. These include:

• High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC): This is the most commonly used type of LC. It uses high pressure to force the mobile phase through the column, which allows for a greater separation of components.

• Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC): This is a newer form of LC that uses even higher pressures than HPLC, resulting in even greater separation and faster analysis times.

• Size-exclusion chromatography (SEC): This type of LC separates molecules based on their size. It is often used in the analysis of polymers and proteins.

• Ion-exchange chromatography (IEC): This type of LC separates ions and polar molecules based on their charge. It is often used in protein purification, water analysis, and quality control.

Applications

Liquid chromatography has a wide range of applications in various fields. It is used in pharmaceutical industries for drug analysis, in food industries for quality control, in environmental monitoring for pollutant identification, and in clinical laboratories for biomarker detection.

See Also

• Chromatography
• Gas chromatography
• Thin-layer chromatography
• Affinity chromatography

Liquid chromatography Resources
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