Fusobacterium

Fusobacterium novum under a microscope

Fusobacterium is a genus of anaerobic, Gram-negative bacteria that are part of the normal flora of the human oral cavity, gastrointestinal tract, and female genital tract. These bacteria are known for their spindle-shaped appearance and are implicated in various human infections.

Characteristics

Fusobacterium species are non-spore-forming, non-motile, and obligate anaerobes. They are Gram-negative rods that can appear spindle-shaped under the microscope. These bacteria are known for their ability to produce butyric acid as a metabolic byproduct.

Pathogenicity

Fusobacterium species are associated with several human diseases. They are known to cause periodontal diseases, such as gingivitis and periodontitis, due to their presence in dental plaque. Additionally, they are implicated in more serious infections such as Lemierre's syndrome, which is characterized by thrombophlebitis of the internal jugular vein.

Fusobacterium necrophorum

Fusobacterium necrophorum is one of the most pathogenic species within this genus. It is a common cause of Lemierre's syndrome and can lead to severe infections, including septicemia and abscess formation.

Fusobacterium nucleatum

Fusobacterium nucleatum is another significant species, often found in the oral cavity. It plays a role in periodontal disease and has been linked to adverse pregnancy outcomes, such as preterm birth.

Clinical Significance

Fusobacterium infections are typically treated with antibiotics, such as metronidazole or beta-lactam antibiotics. Due to their anaerobic nature, these bacteria are often involved in polymicrobial infections, requiring broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy.

Related pages

• Anaerobic bacteria
• Gram-negative bacteria
• Periodontal disease
• Lemierre's syndrome