GPR161

GPR161 (G Protein-Coupled Receptor 161) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GPR161 gene. This receptor belongs to the large G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) superfamily, which is a prominent class of membrane proteins involved in signal transduction. GPR161 plays a significant role in various biological processes, including cell signaling and regulation of developmental pathways.

Function

GPR161 is implicated in the regulation of cAMP (cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate) levels within cells. It acts as a negative regulator of the Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling pathway, which is crucial for cell differentiation, tissue patterning, and embryonic development. By modulating the Shh pathway, GPR161 influences the development and patterning of various tissues and organs during embryogenesis.

Structure

As a member of the GPCR family, GPR161 possesses the characteristic seven transmembrane domains. These domains allow the receptor to traverse the cell membrane seven times, facilitating the reception of extracellular signals and the initiation of intracellular signal transduction pathways.

Clinical Significance

Alterations in the expression or function of GPR161 have been associated with several developmental disorders. Given its role in the Shh signaling pathway, mutations or dysregulation of GPR161 can lead to abnormalities in tissue development and patterning. Research is ongoing to further elucidate the clinical implications of GPR161 in human health and disease.

Research Directions

The study of GPR161 is an active area of research, with scientists exploring its potential roles in development, disease, and therapy. Investigations into the receptor's structure-function relationships, signaling mechanisms, and interactions with other proteins in the Shh pathway are critical for understanding its biological functions and therapeutic potential.