GPR65

GPR65 is a gene that encodes the protein known as G protein-coupled receptor 65 in humans. This receptor is part of the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) family, which is a large group of membrane proteins that play crucial roles in signal transduction and cellular communication. GPR65 is specifically involved in the regulation of pH sensing and has been implicated in various physiological and pathological processes.

Function[edit | edit source]

GPR65 functions as a proton-sensing receptor that becomes activated under acidic conditions, which are commonly found in various pathological states such as inflammatory diseases and cancerous tumors. Upon activation, GPR65 initiates a signaling cascade through G proteins, leading to various cellular responses including changes in cell survival, proliferation, and migration. This receptor is predominantly expressed in immune cells, suggesting its significant role in immune responses and inflammation.

Clinical Significance[edit | edit source]

The role of GPR65 has been studied in the context of several diseases. Its involvement in maintaining the acid-base balance in tissues makes it a potential target for therapeutic interventions in conditions characterized by altered pH levels. For instance, in inflammatory diseases, targeting GPR65 could modulate immune cell function and inflammatory responses. Additionally, in cancer, where the tumor microenvironment often exhibits acidic pH, GPR65 could influence tumor progression and metastasis.

Research has also indicated a genetic association between variations in the GPR65 gene and susceptibility to certain autoimmune diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and rheumatoid arthritis. This highlights the potential of GPR65 as a biomarker for disease susceptibility and progression, as well as a target for the development of new therapeutic agents.