GPR84

GPR84 is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) encoded by the GPR84 gene in humans. This receptor is part of a large family of GPCRs, which are a group of cell surface proteins that play a crucial role in signal transduction and cellular communication. GPR84 is involved in various physiological and pathological processes, including immune system responses and inflammation.

Function

GPR84 is expressed on immune cells, such as macrophages and neutrophils, and is upregulated in response to inflammatory stimuli. It has been identified as a receptor for medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs), with a carbon chain length of 9 to 12. These MCFAs can act as ligands, binding to GPR84 and activating it, which in turn influences inflammatory pathways. The activation of GPR84 by its ligands leads to a series of intracellular signaling cascades that promote inflammatory responses. This includes the activation of phospholipase C, leading to the production of inositol trisphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG), and the subsequent release of calcium ions from intracellular stores. Additionally, GPR84 activation can also influence pathways involving adenylate cyclase inhibition and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation.

Clinical Significance

Due to its role in inflammation and immune response, GPR84 has been a target of interest in the research of various inflammatory diseases. It is considered a potential therapeutic target for conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), rheumatoid arthritis, and other inflammatory disorders. Inhibitors of GPR84 are being explored for their potential to reduce inflammation and treat these diseases.

Furthermore, the expression of GPR84 is also investigated in the context of cancer, as inflammation can contribute to tumor progression. However, the exact role of GPR84 in cancer biology remains to be fully elucidated.

Research and Development

Research on GPR84 is ongoing, with studies aimed at understanding its exact physiological functions, signaling mechanisms, and potential as a therapeutic target. The development of specific agonists and antagonists for GPR84 is of particular interest for their use in modulating immune responses in inflammatory diseases and potentially in cancer therapy.

See Also

• G protein-coupled receptor
• Inflammation
• Immune system
• Inflammatory bowel disease
• Rheumatoid arthritis