Ganglionic eminence

Ganglionic Eminence

The Ganglionic Eminence refers to a structure in the embryonic brain from which a large portion of the brain's neurons and glial cells originate. It is a transient structure, meaning it is not present in the mature brain. The ganglionic eminence is a critical component of the ventricular system and plays a significant role in the development of the central nervous system.

Structure

The ganglionic eminence is divided into three main regions: the medial ganglionic eminence (MGE), the lateral ganglionic eminence (LGE), and the caudal ganglionic eminence (CGE). Each of these regions gives rise to different types of neurons and glial cells.

Medial Ganglionic Eminence

The Medial Ganglionic Eminence (MGE) is the source of most of the brain's inhibitory GABAergic neurons. These neurons play a crucial role in regulating the excitability of the brain's neural circuits.

Lateral Ganglionic Eminence

The Lateral Ganglionic Eminence (LGE) gives rise to a variety of cell types, including medium spiny neurons of the striatum, as well as several types of interneurons.

Caudal Ganglionic Eminence

The Caudal Ganglionic Eminence (CGE) produces a diverse array of interneurons, as well as glial cells.

Development

The ganglionic eminence begins to form during the embryonic period, around the fifth week of gestation. It continues to develop and differentiate until the late fetal period. The development of the ganglionic eminence is regulated by a complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors.

Clinical Significance

Abnormalities in the development of the ganglionic eminence can lead to a variety of neurological disorders, including schizophrenia, autism, and epilepsy. Understanding the development and function of the ganglionic eminence can therefore provide important insights into these conditions.

See Also

• Neurogenesis
• Neural development
• Brain development