Autism spectrum

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(Redirected from Autism)

Autism spectrum refers to a range of neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by difficulties in social interaction, communication, and the presence of restricted or repetitive behaviors. The term encompasses various conditions, including autism, Asperger syndrome, and pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS).

Characteristics[edit | edit source]

Individuals on the autism spectrum display a wide range of symptoms and severities, which may include:

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is highly heterogeneous, meaning individuals experience varying degrees of impairment and strengths. Some individuals may require significant support, while others function independently.

Causes and Risk Factors[edit | edit source]

The exact cause of autism spectrum disorder remains unknown, but research suggests a combination of genetic and environmental factors:

Autism is not caused by vaccines, a misconception that has been widely debunked by scientific research.

Diagnosis[edit | edit source]

The diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder is based on behavioral assessments and standardized criteria such as:

Diagnosis is typically made in early childhood, but some individuals are diagnosed later in life, particularly those with milder symptoms.

Management and Treatment[edit | edit source]

There is no cure for autism spectrum disorder, but early intervention and supportive therapies can improve quality of life. Management approaches include:

Behavioral Therapies[edit | edit source]

Medical Management[edit | edit source]

While there is no specific medication for autism, certain medications may be used to manage associated symptoms:

Prognosis[edit | edit source]

Autism spectrum disorder is a lifelong condition, but outcomes vary widely depending on the severity of symptoms and access to interventions. Many individuals lead fulfilling lives with appropriate support, while others may require lifelong assistance.

Factors influencing prognosis include:

Epidemiology[edit | edit source]

Autism spectrum disorder affects approximately **1 in 36 children**, according to recent studies. The condition is more prevalent in males than females, with a ratio of about 4:1. Increased awareness and improved diagnostic criteria have contributed to the rise in reported cases.

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Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD