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Glycophorin A (GYPA)[edit | edit source]
Glycophorin A (GYPA) is a sialoglycoprotein that is a major component of the erythrocyte (red blood cell) membrane. It plays a crucial role in maintaining the structural integrity of the red blood cell membrane and is involved in various cellular processes, including cell-cell interactions and signal transduction.
Structure[edit | edit source]
Glycophorin A is a transmembrane protein that consists of a single polypeptide chain. It has an extracellular domain rich in sialic acid residues, a single transmembrane helix, and a short cytoplasmic tail. The extracellular domain is heavily glycosylated, which contributes to the negative charge of the red blood cell surface.
Function[edit | edit source]
The primary function of GYPA is to provide structural support to the red blood cell membrane. It also serves as a receptor for various pathogens, including the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. The interaction between GYPA and the malaria parasite is a critical step in the invasion of red blood cells by the parasite.
Genetic Variability[edit | edit source]
The GYPA gene is located on chromosome 4 and exhibits significant genetic variability. This variability is responsible for the different blood group antigens, such as the MN blood group system. Variants of GYPA can affect susceptibility to certain diseases and the efficacy of blood transfusions.
Clinical Significance[edit | edit source]
Mutations or alterations in the GYPA gene can lead to various hematological disorders. For example, certain variants are associated with hereditary elliptocytosis, a condition characterized by abnormally shaped red blood cells. Additionally, the presence of specific GYPA variants can influence the severity of malaria infections.
Research and Applications[edit | edit source]
Research on GYPA has implications for understanding red blood cell biology, developing malaria vaccines, and improving blood transfusion compatibility. Studies on the interaction between GYPA and pathogens can lead to novel therapeutic strategies for infectious diseases.
Also see[edit | edit source]
- Erythrocyte membrane
- Blood group antigen
- Plasmodium falciparum
- Hereditary elliptocytosis
- Sialoglycoprotein
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Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD
