Gene–environment correlation

Gene targeting is a genetic technique that uses homologous recombination to modify an endogenous gene. The method can be used to delete a gene, remove exons, add a gene, or introduce point mutations.

Overview

Gene targeting can be used to manipulate the genotype and phenotype of an organism. In this process, a DNA construct is engineered such that it contains some sequence homology to the target gene. This construct is then introduced into cells, typically stem cells. Within these cells, the construct will integrate into the genome at the location of the homologous sequence.

Process

The process of gene targeting involves several steps. First, a targeting vector is constructed. This vector contains a sequence that is homologous to the target gene, as well as a selectable marker gene. The vector is then introduced into cells, where it can recombine with the target gene. The cells are then screened for successful recombination events.

Applications

Gene targeting has a wide range of applications. It is used in research to study the function of specific genes. By creating mutant versions of a gene, researchers can observe the effect on the organism's phenotype. This can provide valuable insights into the gene's function.

Gene targeting is also used in gene therapy. By replacing a mutated gene with a healthy copy, it is possible to treat genetic diseases.

Limitations

While gene targeting is a powerful tool, it also has limitations. The process is complex and requires a high level of technical skill. In addition, not all cells are amenable to gene targeting.

See also

• Genetic engineering
• Gene knockout
• Gene therapy
• CRISPR