Genetic profiling

Genetic Mosaic

A genetic mosaic is an organism, tissue, or cell that contains two or more populations of genetically distinct cells, which originate from a single zygote. This phenomenon is caused by a mutation during development which results in different genetic constitutions in different parts of the organism.

Overview

The term "genetic mosaic" was first coined by Alfred Sturtevant in 1929. Genetic mosaicism can occur in many different forms and can be observed in various organisms, including humans. It can occur as a result of a mutation in an individual's DNA, where the mutation affects only some of the body's cells.

Causes

Genetic mosaicism can be caused by various types of mutations, such as chromosomal mutations, gene mutations, or epigenetic changes. These mutations can occur during the formation of the egg or sperm, or they can occur after fertilization.

Types of Genetic Mosaicism

There are two main types of genetic mosaicism: somatic mosaicism and germline mosaicism.

Somatic mosaicism occurs when the mutation happens after fertilization and affects only certain cells in the body. This type of mosaicism can lead to diseases such as McCune-Albright syndrome and Proteus syndrome.

Germline mosaicism, on the other hand, occurs when the mutation happens in the cells that give rise to the eggs or sperm. This type of mosaicism can lead to genetic disorders being passed on to offspring, even if the parent does not show symptoms of the disorder.

Implications

The study of genetic mosaicism has important implications for genetic research and medical genetics. It can help scientists understand the genetic basis of many diseases and conditions, and it can also provide insights into the process of development and aging.

See Also

• Chimera (genetics)
• Genetic recombination
• Mutation
• Genetic disorder