Genetic variation

Genetic variation refers to the diversity in the genetic makeup of individuals within a species. It is the basis for biological diversity and the means by which populations adapt to changing environments. Genetic variation is caused by several factors, including mutation, genetic recombination, and gene flow.

Causes of Genetic Variation

Mutation

A mutation is a change in the DNA sequence within a gene or a chromosome of an organism resulting in the creation of a new character or trait not found in the parental type. Mutations can be caused by errors in DNA replication, exposure to radiation, chemicals, or viruses, or can occur deliberately under cellular control during processes such as meiosis.

Genetic Recombination

Genetic recombination is the production of offspring with combinations of traits that differ from those found in either parent. In eukaryotes, genetic recombination during meiosis can lead to a novel set of genetic information that can be passed on from the parents to the offspring.

Gene Flow

Gene flow is the transfer of genetic variation from one population to another. If genes flow from one gene pool to another, that is, if genes are moved or if they migrate from one population to another, they can change allele frequencies in that population.

Importance of Genetic Variation

Genetic variation is crucial for the survival and adaptation of a species, as it helps maintain the health of a population by including different alleles for each gene among individuals. It is the primary fuel for evolution, as without genetic variation, a population cannot evolve in response to changing environmental variables and may face an increased risk of extinction.

See Also

• Genetic diversity
• Evolution
• Natural selection
• Population genetics