Gentamicin 2"-nucleotidyltransferase

Gentamicin 2"-nucleotidyltransferase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the AAC(2') gene. This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically those transferring phosphorus-containing nucleotide groups (nucleotidyltransferases). The systematic name of this enzyme class is adenylyltransferase.

Function

Gentamicin 2"-nucleotidyltransferase is an aminoglycoside modifying enzyme that confers resistance to aminoglycoside antibiotics in many Gram-negative bacteria. It does this by catalyzing the transfer of the adenylyl group from ATP to the 2"-hydroxyl of the aminoglycoside substrate.

Structure

The enzyme is a monomer with a molecular weight of approximately 30 kDa. It contains a single active site that binds both the aminoglycoside and ATP substrates. The active site is located in a deep cleft between two domains of the enzyme, and is accessible through a narrow channel.

Clinical significance

Resistance to aminoglycoside antibiotics is a significant problem in the treatment of bacterial infections. Understanding the structure and function of aminoglycoside modifying enzymes like gentamicin 2"-nucleotidyltransferase is important for the development of new antibiotics that can overcome this resistance.

See also

• Aminoglycoside
• Antibiotic resistance
• Transferase