Geography of Ascension Island

Ascension Island is a small, remote island located in the Atlantic Ocean. It is part of the British Overseas Territories, specifically associated with Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha. The geography of Ascension Island is unique and varied, featuring volcanic terrain, sparse vegetation, and a significant lack of fresh water sources.

Location and Size

Ascension Island is situated roughly midway between the coastlines of Africa and South America, approximately 1,600 kilometers from the coast of Africa and 2,250 kilometers from the coast of Brazil. The island covers an area of about 88 square kilometers.

Topography

The island is volcanic in origin, dominated by the dormant volcano, Green Mountain, which rises to 859 meters above sea level. The landscape around the mountain is characterized by rugged terrain and lava flows, with the rest of the island featuring lower, rolling hills and some flat plains.

Climate

Ascension Island has a tropical, marine climate, with temperatures moderated by trade winds throughout the year. The island does not experience significant seasonal temperature variations, maintaining a relatively constant warm temperature. Rainfall is low and sporadic, which contributes to the island's limited fresh water supply and its sparse vegetation.

Flora and Fauna

Due to its isolated location and harsh environmental conditions, Ascension Island has a limited range of native flora and fauna. The vegetation is primarily made up of grasses, ferns, and a few species of shrubs. Over the years, various species have been introduced, notably including the banana trees planted on Green Mountain to create a more humid and fertile microclimate.

The island is also known for its unique bird life, including the endemic Ascension frigatebird. The surrounding waters are rich in marine biodiversity, including various species of fish, turtles, and dolphins.

Human Impact and Conservation

Human activity on Ascension Island has historically included military use and communications relay stations, given its strategic location in the Atlantic. The presence of people has led to the introduction of non-native species, which have sometimes negatively impacted the local ecosystem.

Conservation efforts are ongoing to protect the island's natural environment. These include measures to control invasive species and to preserve the native flora and fauna. The island's remote location and unique ecological features make it an important site for scientific research and environmental monitoring.

See Also

• British Overseas Territories
• Volcanic Islands
• Island Ecology