Geography of Illinois

Köppen Climate Types Illinois

The geography of Illinois is diverse and varied, encompassing a range of natural features and landscapes. Illinois is located in the Midwestern United States and is bordered by Wisconsin to the north, Iowa and Missouri to the west, Kentucky to the south, and Indiana to the east. The state is known for its fertile plains, rolling hills, and significant waterways.

Topography[edit | edit source]

Illinois is predominantly flat, with its highest point being Charles Mound at 1,235 feet (376 meters) above sea level, located in the northwestern part of the state. The lowest point is at the confluence of the Ohio River and the Mississippi River, at 279 feet (85 meters) above sea level. The state can be divided into three major geographical regions:

The Central Plains: This region covers most of the state and is characterized by its flat to gently rolling terrain. It is part of the larger Interior Plains of North America.
The Shawnee Hills: Located in the southern part of Illinois, this region features more rugged and hilly terrain, with elevations reaching up to 1,000 feet (305 meters).
The Gulf Coastal Plain: This region is found in the extreme southern part of the state and is characterized by its low-lying, swampy areas.

Waterways[edit | edit source]

Illinois is home to several major rivers, including the Mississippi River, which forms the state's western border, and the Illinois River, which flows through the central part of the state. Other significant rivers include the Wabash River, the Rock River, and the Kaskaskia River. The state also has numerous lakes, with Lake Michigan being the most prominent, forming the northeastern border of Illinois.

Climate[edit | edit source]

Illinois experiences a humid continental climate, with hot summers and cold winters. The southern part of the state has a slightly warmer climate, classified as humid subtropical. Precipitation is fairly evenly distributed throughout the year, with the northern part of the state receiving more snowfall during the winter months.

Natural Resources[edit | edit source]

Illinois is rich in natural resources, including fertile soil, coal, and petroleum. The state's agricultural industry is a major contributor to its economy, with corn and soybeans being the primary crops. Illinois also has significant coal deposits, particularly in the southern part of the state, and is a leading producer of bituminous coal.