Geography of Melilla

Geography of Melilla refers to the physical and environmental characteristics of Melilla, an autonomous city of Spain located on the north coast of Africa. Melilla is bordered by Morocco and has a coastline along the Mediterranean Sea. This article provides an overview of the geographical features, climate, and ecological aspects of Melilla.

Location and Size

Melilla is situated at the eastern end of the Moroccan coast, near the Alboran Sea, which is part of the western Mediterranean Sea. The city covers an area of approximately 12.3 square kilometers, making it one of the smallest autonomous entities in Spain. Despite its small size, Melilla's strategic location has been significant throughout history, serving as a crossroads of cultures and a military and trading post.

Topography

The terrain of Melilla is predominantly rugged and hilly. The highest point in Melilla is located at the fortification known as Fortress of Melilla la Vieja (Old Melilla), which stands on a rocky promontory overlooking the sea. The surrounding areas feature a mix of sandy beaches and steep cliffs, which have shaped the city's development and land use.

Climate

Melilla experiences a Mediterranean climate, characterized by hot, dry summers and mild, wet winters. The proximity to the sea moderates temperatures, preventing extreme heat in summer and providing warmth in the winter. Precipitation is relatively low, with the majority falling during the autumn and winter months.

Flora and Fauna

The natural vegetation of Melilla is typical of the Mediterranean region, with a variety of shrubs, small trees, and herbaceous plants. Due to urbanization, much of the original vegetation has been lost, but efforts are being made to preserve and restore native species in protected areas.

The fauna in Melilla includes a range of bird species, which are commonly seen along the coast and in green spaces within the city. The marine life is also diverse, benefiting from the protected status of parts of the coastline.

Environmental Issues

Melilla faces several environmental challenges, including water scarcity, waste management, and the impacts of urbanization on natural habitats. The city's authorities are working on various initiatives to address these issues, focusing on sustainable development and conservation efforts.

Conclusion

The Geography of Melilla is marked by its strategic location, diverse landscape, and Mediterranean climate, all of which have influenced the city's history, culture, and development. Despite its small size, Melilla's geographical characteristics are integral to its identity and ongoing efforts to balance growth with environmental sustainability.