Glisoxepide
An oral antidiabetic drug
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Glisoxepide is an oral antidiabetic drug belonging to the class of sulfonylureas. It is used in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus to help control blood sugar levels.
Mechanism of Action[edit | edit source]
Glisoxepide works by stimulating the pancreas to release more insulin. It binds to the sulfonylurea receptor on the beta cells of the pancreas, leading to the closure of ATP-sensitive potassium channels. This results in the depolarization of the cell membrane and the opening of voltage-gated calcium channels, allowing calcium influx and subsequent insulin release.
Pharmacokinetics[edit | edit source]
Glisoxepide is absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and undergoes hepatic metabolism. It has a relatively long half-life, which allows for once-daily dosing. The drug and its metabolites are excreted primarily via the kidneys.
Clinical Use[edit | edit source]
Glisoxepide is indicated for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus in patients who cannot achieve adequate glycemic control with diet and exercise alone. It may be used as monotherapy or in combination with other antidiabetic agents such as metformin or insulin.
Side Effects[edit | edit source]
Common side effects of glisoxepide include hypoglycemia, weight gain, and gastrointestinal disturbances such as nausea and diarrhea. Rarely, it may cause allergic reactions or hematological disorders such as leukopenia or thrombocytopenia.
Contraindications[edit | edit source]
Glisoxepide is contraindicated in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus, diabetic ketoacidosis, or severe renal or hepatic impairment. It should be used with caution in patients with cardiovascular disease.
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