Glomeruli

Glomeruli are tiny, specialized capillary loops located within the kidney. They are a crucial part of the kidney's filtration system, known as the nephron. Each kidney contains approximately one million glomeruli.

Function

The primary function of the glomeruli is to filter the blood. They allow water, glucose, amino acids, and necessary ions to pass through while preventing the passage of blood cells and large proteins. This filtration process is the first step in the formation of urine.

Structure

Each glomerulus is composed of a network of tiny blood vessels, or capillaries. These capillaries are surrounded by a structure called Bowman's capsule, which collects the filtrate produced by the glomeruli. The walls of the glomeruli are selectively permeable, allowing certain substances to pass through while blocking others.

Diseases

Diseases that affect the glomeruli are known as glomerular diseases. These can be primary, affecting only the kidneys, or secondary, resulting from a systemic condition such as diabetes or lupus. Glomerular diseases can lead to nephrotic syndrome or glomerulonephritis, both of which can cause serious kidney damage if not treated promptly.

Treatment

Treatment for glomerular diseases depends on the underlying cause. It may include medications to control high blood pressure, reduce protein in the urine, and treat the underlying disease. In severe cases, dialysis or kidney transplantation may be necessary.

See Also

• Kidney
• Nephron
• Urine
• Glomerular diseases
• Nephrotic syndrome
• Glomerulonephritis

Glomeruli Resources
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