Glutamic acid decarboxylase
Glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) is an enzyme that catalyzes the decarboxylation of glutamate to gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and CO2. GAD uses PLP as a cofactor. The reaction proceeds as follows:
- L-glutamate + PLP ↔ CO2 + GABA + PMP
There are two isoforms in humans: GAD1 and GAD2. GAD1 is predominantly expressed in the brain, where GABA is used. GAD2 is more widely distributed.
Function[edit | edit source]
GAD catalyzes the production of GABA, an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. This role can be seen in patients with stiff person syndrome, a neurologic disorder characterized by stiffness and functional impairment of skeletal muscles. Patients with this syndrome often have high levels of GAD antibodies, suggesting an autoimmune component to the disease.
Clinical significance[edit | edit source]
GAD is a target of autoantibodies in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Less commonly, antibodies against GAD can be found in patients with other autoimmune neurological disorders such as stiff person syndrome, cerebellar ataxia, and limbic encephalitis.
See also[edit | edit source]
- Gamma-Aminobutyric acid
- Decarboxylation
- Enzyme
- Type 1 diabetes mellitus
- Stiff person syndrome
- Cerebellar ataxia
- Limbic encephalitis
References[edit | edit source]
| Glutamic acid decarboxylase Resources | |
|---|---|
|
 |
Search WikiMD
Ad.Tired of being Overweight? Try W8MD's physician weight loss program.
Semaglutide (Ozempic / Wegovy and Tirzepatide (Mounjaro / Zepbound) available.
Advertise on WikiMD
|
WikiMD's Wellness Encyclopedia |
| Let Food Be Thy Medicine Medicine Thy Food - Hippocrates |
Translate this page: - East Asian
中文,
日本,
한국어,
South Asian
हिन्दी,
தமிழ்,
తెలుగు,
Urdu,
ಕನ್ನಡ,
Southeast Asian
Indonesian,
Vietnamese,
Thai,
မြန်မာဘာသာ,
বাংলা
European
español,
Deutsch,
français,
Greek,
português do Brasil,
polski,
română,
русский,
Nederlands,
norsk,
svenska,
suomi,
Italian
Middle Eastern & African
عربى,
Turkish,
Persian,
Hebrew,
Afrikaans,
isiZulu,
Kiswahili,
Other
Bulgarian,
Hungarian,
Czech,
Swedish,
മലയാളം,
मराठी,
ਪੰਜਾਬੀ,
ગુજરાતી,
Portuguese,
Ukrainian
Medical Disclaimer: WikiMD is not a substitute for professional medical advice. The information on WikiMD is provided as an information resource only, may be incorrect, outdated or misleading, and is not to be used or relied on for any diagnostic or treatment purposes. Please consult your health care provider before making any healthcare decisions or for guidance about a specific medical condition. WikiMD expressly disclaims responsibility, and shall have no liability, for any damages, loss, injury, or liability whatsoever suffered as a result of your reliance on the information contained in this site. By visiting this site you agree to the foregoing terms and conditions, which may from time to time be changed or supplemented by WikiMD. If you do not agree to the foregoing terms and conditions, you should not enter or use this site. See full disclaimer.
Credits:Most images are courtesy of Wikimedia commons, and templates Wikipedia, licensed under CC BY SA or similar.
Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD
