Glycinergic

Glycinergic refers to the neurotransmitter system that uses glycine as its primary neurotransmitter. Glycine is an amino acid that functions as an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, particularly in the spinal cord, brainstem, and retina.

Function

Glycinergic neurons are involved in the processing of motor and sensory information, regulating the excitability of neurons, and the plasticity of neural networks. They play a crucial role in the control of motor and sensory functions in the spinal cord and brainstem.

Glycine is released from presynaptic neurons and binds to glycine receptors (GlyRs) on the postsynaptic neuron. This binding opens chloride channels, allowing chloride ions to enter the neuron and hyperpolarize the cell. This hyperpolarization inhibits the firing of the postsynaptic neuron, thus inhibiting neuronal activity.

Clinical significance

Abnormalities in glycinergic neurotransmission can lead to several neurological disorders, including hyperekplexia, a rare genetic disorder characterized by an exaggerated startle response, and certain forms of epilepsy.

In addition, glycine is a co-agonist of NMDA receptors, and alterations in glycine levels can affect NMDA receptor function, potentially contributing to conditions such as schizophrenia and certain forms of chronic pain.

Pharmacology

Several drugs act on the glycinergic system. These include strychnine, a potent and deadly poison that acts as a GlyR antagonist, and glycine reuptake inhibitors, which increase the levels of glycine in the brain and have potential therapeutic uses in schizophrenia and chronic pain.

See also

• GABAergic
• Glutamatergic
• Cholinergic
• Adrenergic