Granulosa lutein cell

Granulosa lutein cell is a type of cell that is part of the ovary in female mammals. These cells are involved in the production of hormones that regulate the menstrual cycle and pregnancy.

Function

Granulosa lutein cells are primarily responsible for the production of progesterone, a hormone that prepares the uterus for implantation of a fertilized egg. They also produce estrogen, which regulates the menstrual cycle and supports the development of female secondary sexual characteristics.

Structure

Granulosa lutein cells are found in the follicle of the ovary. They surround the developing egg and provide it with nutrients. As the follicle matures, the granulosa lutein cells multiply and produce more hormones.

Role in Reproduction

During the menstrual cycle, the granulosa lutein cells respond to follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) from the pituitary gland. In response to FSH, the cells produce estrogen, which stimulates the growth of the endometrium, the lining of the uterus. In response to LH, the cells produce progesterone, which prepares the endometrium for implantation of a fertilized egg.

Clinical Significance

Abnormalities in granulosa lutein cells can lead to various reproductive disorders. For example, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with an overproduction of androgens by these cells. In addition, granulosa lutein cells can become cancerous, leading to granulosa cell tumor, a rare type of ovarian cancer.

See Also

• Ovary
• Menstrual cycle
• Progesterone
• Estrogen
• Follicle-stimulating hormone
• Luteinizing hormone
• Polycystic ovary syndrome
• Granulosa cell tumor

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