Great Awakening

Great Awakening

The Great Awakening refers to a series of religious revivals that swept through the American colonies in the 18th century. These revivals had a profound impact on American religion, society, and politics, and are considered a pivotal moment in the history of the United States.

Historical Context

The Great Awakening occurred during a time when the American colonies were experiencing significant social and economic changes. The early 18th century was marked by rapid population growth, increased immigration, and the expansion of commerce. These changes led to a more diverse and dynamic society, but also to social tensions and a sense of uncertainty.

Key Figures

Several key figures were instrumental in the Great Awakening:

• Jonathan Edwards - A prominent preacher and theologian, Edwards is often credited with igniting the Great Awakening with his fiery sermons, such as "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God."
• George Whitefield - An English evangelist who traveled extensively throughout the American colonies, Whitefield's charismatic preaching drew large crowds and inspired many conversions.
• John Wesley - Although primarily associated with the Methodist movement in England, Wesley's influence extended to the American colonies, where his ideas contributed to the revivalist spirit.

Impact on Religion

The Great Awakening led to the proliferation of new religious denominations and a greater emphasis on personal faith and emotional experience. It challenged the established religious order and encouraged the growth of evangelicalism.

Social and Political Effects

The Great Awakening had significant social and political effects:

• It promoted greater religious tolerance and diversity, as new denominations emerged and competed for followers.
• It encouraged a sense of individualism and personal responsibility, which contributed to the development of democratic ideals.
• It fostered a spirit of questioning authority, which would later influence the American Revolution.

Legacy

The legacy of the Great Awakening is evident in the continued prominence of evangelical Christianity in the United States. It also laid the groundwork for future religious movements and revivals, such as the Second Great Awakening.

See Also

• Second Great Awakening
• Evangelicalism
• American Revolution

References

• Kidd, Thomas S. The Great Awakening: The Roots of Evangelical Christianity in Colonial America. Yale University Press, 2007.
• Lambert, Frank. Inventing the Great Awakening. Princeton University Press, 1999.