Great Sphinx of Giza

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== Great Sphinx of Giza ==

The Great Sphinx of Giza is a monumental statue located on the Giza Plateau on the west bank of the Nile River in Giza, Egypt. It is one of the most iconic symbols of ancient Egypt and is believed to have been built during the reign of the Pharaoh Khafre (c. 2558–2532 BC) of the Old Kingdom.

Description

The Great Sphinx is a limestone statue of a reclining sphinx, a mythical creature with the body of a lion and the head of a human. The statue measures approximately 73 meters (240 feet) long, 20 meters (66 feet) high, and 19 meters (62 feet) wide. The face of the Sphinx is generally believed to represent the Pharaoh Khafre, although some theories suggest it may depict his predecessor, Khufu.

Construction

The construction of the Great Sphinx is thought to have taken place during the Fourth Dynasty of the Old Kingdom, around 2500 BC. The statue was carved directly from the bedrock of the Giza Plateau, which is composed of limestone. The Sphinx is part of a larger complex that includes the Pyramids of Giza, particularly the Pyramid of Khafre, which is situated directly behind the statue.

Purpose

The exact purpose of the Great Sphinx remains a subject of debate among scholars. It is commonly believed to have been a guardian of the Giza Plateau, symbolizing strength and wisdom. Some theories suggest it may have had a religious or ceremonial function, possibly related to the sun god Ra.

Erosion and Restoration

Over the millennia, the Great Sphinx has suffered significant erosion and damage, primarily due to wind and sand. Various restoration efforts have been undertaken since ancient times to preserve the statue. Notable restoration projects were carried out during the New Kingdom and in the modern era, particularly in the 20th and 21st centuries.

Mysteries and Theories

The Great Sphinx has been the subject of numerous theories and speculations. Some researchers have proposed that it predates the Fourth Dynasty, suggesting it may be much older than traditionally believed. Others have speculated about hidden chambers and tunnels beneath the statue, although these claims remain unproven.

Related Pages

• Giza Plateau
• Pyramids of Giza
• Khafre
• Khufu
• Old Kingdom
• Ra