Green anarchism

Peter Kropotkin circa 1900

Murray Bookchin

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Hornebeagles

Green anarchism is a school of thought within anarchism which puts a particular emphasis on environmental issues. A green anarchist theory is normally one that extends anarchist ideology beyond a critique of human interactions, and includes a critique of the interactions between humans and non-humans as well. This often culminates in an anarchist revolutionary praxis that is not merely dedicated to human liberation but also to some form of non-human liberation, and that aims to bring about a free and ecologically sustainable society.

History

The origins of green anarchism can be traced back to the writings and works of Henry David Thoreau and Leo Tolstoy, who both emphasized living in harmony with nature. In the 20th century, it became more formalized with the emergence of thinkers such as Murray Bookchin, who introduced the concept of social ecology, and Edward Abbey, known for his direct action and advocacy for wilderness preservation.

Philosophy

Green anarchism critiques the current ecological destruction caused by capitalist society, industrialization, and the domination of human beings over nature. It proposes a society where human activities are intimately connected and beneficial to the earth's ecological systems. Green anarchists often advocate for a return to pre-industrial ways of living, the decentralization of technology and production, and the creation of self-sufficient communities.

Practices

Green anarchists employ a variety of practices aimed at disrupting the current socio-economic system and promoting ecological sustainability. These include, but are not limited to, direct action, ecotage, permaculture, and rewilding. They also support forms of resistance that are peaceful and constructive, such as creating sustainable communities and engaging in environmental activism.

Criticism

Critics of green anarchism often argue that its goals are unrealistic and that a return to pre-industrial society is not feasible given the current global population and its needs. Others argue that green anarchism does not adequately address the complexities of human social organization and the potential for scarcity and conflict over resources.

See also

• Anarcho-primitivism
• Ecofeminism
• Deep ecology