The Earth's climate is determined by a delicate balance of incoming and outgoing energy primarily from the Sun. Greenhouse warming is a natural process where certain gases in the Earth's atmosphere trap heat from the Sun, preventing it from escaping back into space, much like the glass panels of a greenhouse. This process helps to keep the Earth warm enough to sustain life.
However, human activities, particularly the burning of fossil fuels and deforestation, have dramatically increased the concentrations of these greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. This intensification of the greenhouse effect is causing the Earth's average temperature to rise, a phenomenon known as global warming.
The primary greenhouse gases in the Earth's atmosphere are water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and ozone. While all these gases occur naturally in the atmosphere, human activities are increasing their concentrations.
Carbon dioxide is released through natural processes such as respiration and volcano eruptions and through human activities such as deforestation, land use changes, and burning fossil fuels.
Methane is emitted during the production and transport of coal, oil, and natural gas. It is also emitted by livestock and other agricultural practices and by the decay of organic waste in municipal solid waste landfills.
Greenhouse warming is causing a wide range of impacts, including rising sea levels, shrinking mountain glaciers, accelerating ice melt in Greenland, Antarctica and the Arctic, and shifts in flower/plant blooming times. These impacts have significant implications for humans and natural ecosystems.
Mitigation strategies for greenhouse warming include reducing greenhouse gas emissions, enhancing the capacity of carbon sinks, and implementing measures to reduce the sources of these gases.
