Guizotia abyssinica

Guizotia abyssinica is an annual herbaceous plant native to Africa, specifically the highlands of Ethiopia. It is commonly known as niger seed or nyjer seed, and is cultivated for its edible oil and seeds.

Description

The Guizotia abyssinica plant typically grows to a height of 1-2 meters. It has opposite, lanceolate leaves that are 4-15 cm long. The flowers are yellow and the seeds are small, thin, and black. The plant is adapted to a variety of soils, but prefers well-drained, loamy soil. It is resistant to drought and can be grown in areas with low rainfall.

Cultivation

Guizotia abyssinica is primarily cultivated in Ethiopia, India, Myanmar, and Nepal. The plant is usually sown in June and July, and the seeds are harvested from October to November. The seeds are used for oil extraction and as a bird feed. The oil, known as niger oil or nyjer oil, is used in cooking and as a lamp oil. The residual cake after oil extraction is used as a fertilizer and animal feed.

Uses

The seeds of Guizotia abyssinica are a popular bird feed, especially for finches and other small birds. The oil extracted from the seeds is used in cooking, particularly in Ethiopian and Indian cuisines. The oil is also used in the production of soaps and paints. The plant has medicinal properties as well; it is used in traditional medicine to treat rheumatism, coughs, and hemorrhoids.

Nutritional Value

The seeds of Guizotia abyssinica are rich in oil, with a content of 30-40%. The oil is high in linoleic acid, a polyunsaturated fatty acid. The seeds also contain protein, fiber, and minerals such as calcium, magnesium, and potassium.

Conservation Status

Guizotia abyssinica is not considered to be at risk of extinction. However, its cultivation is threatened by pests and diseases, as well as by changes in agricultural practices.

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