Guru Gobind Singh

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Guru Gobind Singh (December 22, 1666 – October 7, 1708) was the tenth Guru of Sikhism, a spiritual leader, warrior, poet, and philosopher. He became Guru on November 11, 1675, following the martyrdom of his father, Guru Tegh Bahadur. Guru Gobind Singh is revered for his significant contributions to Sikhism, notably the founding of the Khalsa, a military and spiritual community, in 1699 and the introduction of the Five Ks, which are five articles of faith that Khalsa Sikhs wear at all times. His tenure as Guru was marked by major conflicts with Mughal rulers and other authorities who sought to suppress the Sikh community.

Early Life

Guru Gobind Singh was born as Gobind Rai in Patna, Bihar, in what is now India. His parents were Guru Tegh Bahadur, the ninth Sikh Guru, and Mata Gujri. From a young age, Gobind Rai was educated in religious texts, philosophy, languages, and martial arts, preparing him for his future role as a leader.

Founding of the Khalsa

The most significant event in Guru Gobind Singh's life was the founding of the Khalsa in 1699. This was done during the Vaisakhi festival at Anandpur Sahib. The Khalsa was created as a community of warrior-saints, with a strict code of conduct and a commitment to defend the faith and protect the oppressed. This event is celebrated by Sikhs around the world as Vaisakhi.

Literary Contributions

Guru Gobind Singh was also an accomplished poet and philosopher. He compiled the Dasam Granth, a scripture that includes religious texts, autobiographical works, and philosophical writings. His works are known for their spiritual depth, martial valor, and expression of justice.

Military Conflicts

Throughout his leadership, Guru Gobind Singh and the Khalsa faced numerous military conflicts with the Mughal Empire and other adversaries. These battles were primarily in defense of religious freedom and the protection of Sikh values. Despite the challenges, he remained committed to the principles of Sikhism, including equality, justice, and freedom of religion.

Legacy and Death

Guru Gobind Singh's legacy is profound within Sikhism. Before his death in 1708, he declared the Guru Granth Sahib, the holy scripture of Sikhism, as the eternal Guru of Sikhs. His teachings and actions have shaped the identity and ethos of the Sikh community to this day.

Guru Gobind Singh died in Nanded, present-day Maharashtra, after being wounded by an assassin. His death marked the end of the line of human Gurus and the beginning of the Guru Granth Sahib as the eternal guide for Sikhs.

See Also

• Sikhism
• Khalsa
• Guru Granth Sahib
• Dasam Granth
• Five Ks