Gymnopilus aeruginosus

Gymnopilus aeruginosus

Gymnopilus aeruginosus is a species of mushroom belonging to the family Hymenogastraceae. It is known for its distinctive greenish-blue staining reaction when the flesh is bruised or aged. This feature, along with its rusty orange spores, helps in identifying the species in the wild. Gymnopilus aeruginosus is found in various parts of the world, growing on dead wood, particularly in forests dominated by hardwood species. It is one of the many species within the genus Gymnopilus, which is notable for containing several mushrooms with psychoactive properties. However, the psychoactivity of Gymnopilus aeruginosus itself is a subject of debate among mycologists and enthusiasts.

Description

Gymnopilus aeruginosus mushrooms have caps that can range from 2 to 8 cm in diameter, initially convex before flattening out with age. The cap surface is dry, fibrous, and often features shades of yellow, orange, or brown. The distinguishing feature of this species is the greenish-blue staining observed on the cap and stem when damaged or with age. The gills are adnate to adnexed, crowded, and have a similar color to the cap but become rusty brown as the spores mature. The stem is typically 2 to 10 cm long and 0.2 to 1 cm thick, often with a fibrillose surface and lacking a ring.

Habitat and Distribution

Gymnopilus aeruginosus is saprobic, decomposing dead wood. It is commonly found on logs, stumps, and dead branches of hardwoods, although it can occasionally be found on conifer wood. The species has a widespread distribution, occurring in North America, Europe, Asia, and Australia. It fruits in small groups or clusters during the late summer to fall.

Psychoactivity

There is some debate regarding the psychoactivity of Gymnopilus aeruginosus. Like several species within the genus Gymnopilus, it has been reported to contain psychoactive compounds such as psilocybin and psilocin, but the presence and concentration of these compounds can vary significantly. Some sources suggest that Gymnopilus aeruginosus has negligible psychoactive effects, while others report mild to moderate effects. Due to the variability in compound concentration and potential risks, it is not recommended for recreational use.

Taxonomy

The taxonomy of Gymnopilus aeruginosus, like many fungi, is subject to revision as molecular techniques provide new insights into phylogenetic relationships. It was first described scientifically in the early 20th century and has undergone various reclassifications over the years. The genus Gymnopilus is characterized by its rusty orange spores, lignicolous habits, and often bitter taste.

Conservation

As a decomposer of wood, Gymnopilus aeruginosus plays a vital role in its ecosystem, helping to recycle nutrients back into the soil. There are currently no known conservation concerns for this species, as it is relatively widespread and common in suitable habitats. However, like all fungi, its populations are sensitive to changes in forest management practices, pollution, and habitat loss.