Gyrification

Gyrification refers to the process by which the brain surface develops convolutions, including sulci and gyri. This process is crucial for the compactness of the brain and its functional organization. Gyrification begins during the third trimester of pregnancy and continues after birth.

Overview

Gyrification is a process that increases the surface area of the cerebral cortex, allowing for greater cognitive function. The degree of gyrification, known as the gyrification index, varies among species and individuals. Humans have a high gyrification index, which is thought to be related to our advanced cognitive abilities.

Process

The process of gyrification is not fully understood, but it is believed to be influenced by genetic and environmental factors. It begins in the fetal stage, with the formation of primary sulci, and continues after birth with the development of secondary and tertiary sulci. The process is largely complete by the age of 2, but some changes may continue into adolescence.

Clinical significance

Abnormalities in gyrification have been associated with various neurological and psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia, autism, and epilepsy. Studies have shown that individuals with these disorders often have a lower gyrification index than healthy individuals. However, the exact relationship between gyrification and these disorders is still a subject of ongoing research.

See also

• Cerebral cortex
• Brain development
• Neuroanatomy