HBcAg

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Hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg) is a viral protein associated with the Hepatitis B virus (HBV). It is an important marker in the diagnosis and monitoring of Hepatitis B infection. HBcAg is a component of the nucleocapsid of the virus and is found within infected liver cells.

Structure and Function

HBcAg is encoded by the HBV genome and is produced during the replication of the virus. It forms the core of the virus particle, encapsulating the viral DNA. The antigen is not typically found in the bloodstream, but its presence can be inferred through the detection of anti-HBc antibodies.

Clinical Significance

The presence of anti-HBc antibodies indicates a current or past infection with Hepatitis B. There are two types of anti-HBc antibodies: IgM and IgG. The presence of IgM anti-HBc suggests a recent infection, while IgG anti-HBc indicates a past or chronic infection.

Diagnosis

Testing for HBcAg is not commonly performed directly. Instead, the presence of Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and Hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) are typically used in conjunction with anti-HBc antibodies to diagnose and monitor Hepatitis B infection. The detection of anti-HBc antibodies is particularly useful in identifying occult HBV infections where HBsAg is not detectable.

Role in Vaccine Development

HBcAg has been studied for its potential use in Hepatitis B vaccine development. It is a target for the immune response and understanding its structure and function can aid in the design of more effective vaccines.

See Also

• Hepatitis B virus
• Hepatitis B surface antigen
• Hepatitis B e antigen
• Anti-HBc
• Hepatitis B vaccine
• Hepatitis B