HLA-B41

HLA-B41 is a human leukocyte antigen serotype within the HLA-B serotype group. The serotype is determined by the antibody recognition of antigen B41. This broad antigen group is a part of the larger major histocompatibility complex (MHC) group of genes, specifically within the MHC Class I molecules which are expressed in almost all nucleated cells.

Function

HLA-B41, like other MHC Class I molecules, plays a crucial role in the immune system's defense against pathogens. It presents peptides derived from the intracellular degradation of proteins to the T cell receptor on CD8+ T cells. This antigen presentation is a key step in the immune response, leading to the activation of CD8+ T cells, which can then kill the infected cells.

Genetics

HLA-B41 is encoded by the B*41 allele group, which is a part of the larger HLA-B locus on chromosome 6. This locus has a high degree of polymorphism, meaning there is a large number of variations of the gene in the population. This diversity is thought to be an evolutionary adaptation to allow for a broad immune response to different pathogens.

Clinical significance

HLA-B41 has been associated with various diseases, including autoimmune diseases, infectious diseases, and cancer. For example, it has been linked to an increased risk of rheumatoid arthritis and a decreased risk of HIV progression. However, these associations can vary greatly between populations and more research is needed to fully understand the role of HLA-B41 in disease.

See also

• HLA-B
• Human leukocyte antigen
• Major histocompatibility complex
• MHC Class I