HLA-B59

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HLA-B59 is a human leukocyte antigen (HLA) serotype within the HLA-B gene locus. The serotype identifies the gene products of the HLA-B*59 allele. HLA-B59 is a part of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules, which play a critical role in the immune system by presenting peptides to T cells.

Serotype

HLA-B59 is one of the many serotypes of the HLA-B gene. Serotyping is a method used to identify the specific forms of HLA alleles based on their reactivity with specific antibodies. The HLA-B59 serotype is relatively rare compared to other HLA-B serotypes.

Function

The primary function of HLA-B59, like other MHC class I molecules, is to present endogenous peptides, including those derived from intracellular pathogens such as viruses, to CD8+ T cells. This presentation is crucial for the immune system to recognize and eliminate infected cells.

Alleles

The HLA-B59 serotype corresponds to the HLA-B*59 allele. Alleles are different forms of a gene that arise by mutation and are found at the same place on a chromosome. The HLA-B*59 allele has been identified in various populations, although it is not as common as other HLA-B alleles.

Clinical Significance

HLA-B59, like other HLA alleles, can be involved in transplant rejection, autoimmune diseases, and drug hypersensitivity. The compatibility of HLA alleles between donors and recipients is crucial for the success of organ transplantation. Mismatched HLA alleles can lead to transplant rejection and other complications.

Population Distribution

The distribution of HLA-B59 varies among different populations. It is more frequently observed in certain ethnic groups, which can be attributed to the genetic diversity and evolutionary history of human populations.

See Also

• HLA-B
• HLA-A
• HLA-C
• Major histocompatibility complex
• T cell receptor