HLA-DPA1

HLA-DPA1 is a gene that provides instructions for making a protein that plays a critical role in the immune system. HLA-DPA1 is part of a family of genes called the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) complex. The HLA complex helps the immune system distinguish the body's own proteins from proteins made by foreign invaders such as viruses and bacteria.

Structure[edit | edit source]

The HLA-DPA1 gene is located on the short (p) arm of chromosome 6 at position 21. The protein encoded by this gene is a subunit of HLA class II molecules, which are expressed on the surface of antigen-presenting cells. This protein, along with HLA-DPB1, makes up the HLA-DP heterodimer, which is key in the immune system's ability to recognize and respond to foreign antigens.

Function[edit | edit source]

The HLA-DPA1 protein plays a crucial role in the immune system's function. It is involved in the presentation of foreign antigens to the immune system. When foreign invaders enter the body, they are engulfed by antigen-presenting cells, and their proteins are broken down into smaller pieces. These pieces are then bound to HLA class II molecules, including HLA-DPA1, and displayed on the cell surface. This display signals to the immune system that the cell is infected and needs to be destroyed.

Clinical significance[edit | edit source]

Variations in the HLA-DPA1 gene have been associated with susceptibility to various autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and celiac disease. Further research is needed to understand the exact role of HLA-DPA1 in these diseases and to develop potential treatments.