Halámky

Halámky is a term used in the field of medicine to refer to the tonsils, which are a pair of soft tissue masses located at the rear of the throat (pharynx). Each tonsil is composed of tissue similar to lymph nodes, covered by pink mucosa (like on the adjacent mouth lining). Running through the mucosa of each tonsil are pits, called crypts.

The tonsils are part of the lymphatic system, which helps to fight infections. They are the body's first line of defense as part of the immune system. They "sample" bacteria and viruses that enter the body through the mouth or nose, but they sometimes become infected. When overwhelmed by bacterial or viral infection, the tonsils can swell and become inflamed, a condition known as tonsillitis.

Anatomy

The tonsils are located in the oropharynx and nasopharynx. They are made up of lymphoid tissue, which gives them their role in the immune system. The tonsils include the palatine tonsils (what most people refer to when they say "tonsils"), the pharyngeal tonsil (also known as adenoids), and the lingual tonsils.

Function

The tonsils play a role in the immune system and are the body's first line of defense against ingested or inhaled foreign pathogens. They contain lymphocytes, cells that produce antibodies to fight off infections. However, the tonsils themselves can become infected, a condition known as tonsillitis.

Diseases and conditions

Several diseases and conditions can affect the tonsils, including:

• Tonsillitis: This is an infection of the tonsils caused by either a virus or bacteria. Symptoms include a sore throat, swollen tonsils, and fever.
• Tonsil stones: These are hard deposits that form in the tonsils. They can cause bad breath, a sore throat, and difficulty swallowing.
• Tonsil cancer: Though rare, tonsil cancer can occur, often associated with the human papillomavirus (HPV).

Treatment

Treatment for tonsil-related conditions depends on the specific condition and its severity. Antibiotics can treat bacterial infections, while viral infections often require rest and supportive care. In severe or recurrent cases, a tonsillectomy (surgical removal of the tonsils) may be recommended.

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