Hang-over

Hangover refers to the unpleasant physiological and psychological effects following the consumption of alcohol, which can last for more than 24 hours. Typical symptoms of a hangover may include headache, drowsiness, concentration problems, dry mouth, dizziness, fatigue, gastrointestinal distress, sweating, nausea, hyper-excitability, anxiety, and a feeling of general discomfort that may last more than 24 hours. Alcohol hangovers are poorly understood from a medical standpoint, but the condition is considered to be the result of a combination of dehydration, the toxic effects of alcohol and its metabolites on the body, and other factors.

Causes

The primary cause of a hangover is the consumption of excessive alcohol. When alcohol is consumed, it is metabolized by the liver into acetaldehyde, a toxic compound that is eventually broken down into harmless substances. However, excessive consumption of alcohol can overwhelm the liver's ability to process it, leading to an accumulation of acetaldehyde in the body, which contributes to hangover symptoms. Dehydration also plays a significant role, as alcohol is a diuretic, leading to increased urine production and subsequent dehydration if fluids are not adequately replaced.

Symptoms

Common symptoms of a hangover include:

• Headache
• Nausea and vomiting
• Dizziness
• Thirst and dry mouth
• Fatigue and weakness
• Mood disturbances, such as depression and anxiety

Prevention

Preventing a hangover primarily involves moderating alcohol intake or abstaining from alcohol altogether. Other preventive measures include:

• Eating before and while drinking, as food can slow the absorption of alcohol.
• Staying hydrated by drinking water alongside alcoholic beverages and before going to bed.
• Choosing lighter colored drinks, as darker liquors contain congeners that can exacerbate hangover symptoms.

Treatment

There is no specific cure for a hangover, but several strategies may help alleviate symptoms:

• Rehydration: Drinking water or electrolyte-rich beverages can help address dehydration.
• Rest: Allowing the body to recover through sleep.
• Pain relievers: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like ibuprofen can help relieve headache and muscle pain, but should be used cautiously as they can irritate the stomach.
• Eating: Bland foods can help settle the stomach and restore blood sugar levels.

See also

• Alcohol intoxication
• Dehydration
• Liver