Helicobacter felis

Helicine arteries are small, winding arteries that are found in certain organs of the body, most notably the penis and the uterus. They play a crucial role in the physiological processes of these organs, including erection in males and the regulation of blood flow in the uterus during the menstrual cycle.

Anatomy

The helicine arteries of the penis are located within the corpora cavernosa, two sponge-like regions of erectile tissue which contain most of the blood in the penis during an erection. These arteries are capable of dramatically changing their diameter, a characteristic that allows them to control the blood flow within the corpora cavernosa and thus contribute to the process of erection.

In the uterus, the helicine arteries are found in the myometrium, the middle layer of the uterine wall. They are responsible for regulating the blood flow to the endometrium, the inner lining of the uterus, which is shed during menstruation.

Physiology

The helicine arteries play a crucial role in the physiological processes of the organs in which they are found. In the penis, they are responsible for the engorgement of the corpora cavernosa during an erection. When a male becomes sexually aroused, the helicine arteries dilate, allowing a greater volume of blood to flow into the corpora cavernosa. This increased blood flow causes the penis to become erect.

In the uterus, the helicine arteries help to regulate the blood flow to the endometrium. During the menstrual cycle, these arteries constrict and dilate in response to changes in hormone levels. This regulation of blood flow is essential for the shedding of the endometrium during menstruation and for the preparation of the uterus for potential pregnancy.

Clinical significance

Dysfunction of the helicine arteries can lead to a number of medical conditions. In males, impaired dilation of these arteries can result in erectile dysfunction. In females, abnormal constriction or dilation of the helicine arteries can contribute to heavy or irregular menstrual bleeding, known as menorrhagia or metrorrhagia, respectively.