Hemispherectomy

Hemispherectomy is a surgical procedure where one cerebral hemisphere (half of the brain) is removed or disabled. This procedure is used to treat a variety of seizure disorders where the source of epilepsy is localized to a broad area of a single hemisphere of the brain, among other neurological conditions.

Indications

Hemispherectomy is indicated in cases where patients have seizure disorders that are not responsive to antiepileptic drugs and where the source of the seizures is localized to a broad area of one hemisphere. These conditions include, but are not limited to, Rasmussen's encephalitis, Sturge-Weber syndrome, and Hemimegalencephaly.

Procedure

The procedure involves the removal or disabling of one cerebral hemisphere. This is achieved through various techniques such as the classic anatomic hemispherectomy, functional hemispherectomy, and hemispherotomy. The choice of technique depends on the patient's condition and the surgeon's preference.

Risks and Complications

As with any major surgery, hemispherectomy carries risks including infection, bleeding, and complications from anesthesia. Neurological complications may also occur, including changes in vision, motor function, and cognition.

Prognosis

The prognosis following a hemispherectomy largely depends on the underlying condition that necessitated the surgery. Many patients experience a significant reduction in the frequency and severity of their seizures. Some patients may require rehabilitation to manage changes in motor function and cognition.

See Also

• Epilepsy
• Rasmussen's encephalitis
• Sturge-Weber syndrome
• Hemimegalencephaly

References

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