Hemlock Society

Hemlock Society

The Hemlock Society was an American organization that advocated for the right to die, emphasizing the importance of patient autonomy and the choice to end one's life in cases of terminal illness or severe physical suffering. Founded in 1980 by Derek Humphry in Santa Monica, California, the society played a pivotal role in the right-to-die movement, advocating for euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide through education, legislation, and litigation.

History

The Hemlock Society was established with the goal of improving care and expanding options for the dying. The organization's name was inspired by the hemlock plant, which was used to poison the ancient Greek philosopher Socrates, symbolizing a peaceful death. Under Humphry's leadership, the society grew rapidly, opening chapters across the United States and influencing public opinion and policy on end-of-life issues.

Philosophy and Goals

The Hemlock Society's philosophy was grounded in the belief that individuals should have the right to control the circumstances of their death, similar to the control they have over their lives. The organization advocated for laws that would allow terminally ill patients to receive assistance in dying from medical professionals, under strict guidelines. It also provided information on advance directives and living wills, aiming to ensure that individuals' end-of-life wishes were respected.

Activities and Impact

The Hemlock Society was involved in various activities to promote its cause, including public education campaigns, lobbying for legislative change, and providing information on self-deliverance, a term the society used to describe self-administered euthanasia. The society's efforts contributed to a broader public debate on euthanasia and assisted suicide, leading to legislative changes in some states, such as the Oregon Death with Dignity Act.

Controversy and Criticism

The Hemlock Society's stance on euthanasia and assisted suicide was controversial, drawing criticism from religious groups, disability rights activists, and some medical professionals. Critics argued that the society's advocacy for the right to die could lead to abuses and pressure on vulnerable individuals to end their lives prematurely.

Legacy

In 2003, the Hemlock Society merged with another organization to form Compassion & Choices, which continues to advocate for end-of-life options and patient rights. The legacy of the Hemlock Society lives on in the ongoing debate over euthanasia and assisted suicide, as well as in the policies and legislation that have been influenced by its advocacy.

See Also

• Euthanasia
• Physician-assisted suicide
• Right to die
• Derek Humphry
• Compassion & Choices