Hexadecanoic acid

Hexacosanoic acid, also known as cerotic acid, is a saturated fatty acid that is commonly found in various animal and plant sources. It is a long-chain fatty acid with the chemical formula C26H52O2.

Structure and Properties

Hexacosanoic acid is composed of a carboxyl group (COOH) attached to a 26-carbon alkyl chain. The presence of only single bonds in the structure makes it a saturated fatty acid. It is a white, waxy solid at room temperature, reflecting its high melting point due to the strong intermolecular forces between the long alkyl chains.

Sources

Hexacosanoic acid is found in a variety of natural sources. It is a major component of the wax on the leaves and fruits of many plants, including the carnauba palm and the candelilla plant. In animals, it is found in the adipose tissue, where it is stored as an energy reserve.

Biological Role

In the human body, hexacosanoic acid is involved in various metabolic processes. It is broken down in the mitochondria through a process called beta-oxidation, which produces acetyl-CoA molecules that can be used in the citric acid cycle to generate energy. However, the metabolism of very long-chain fatty acids like hexacosanoic acid is slower than that of shorter-chain fatty acids, and can lead to the accumulation of these fatty acids in tissues, which can cause various health problems.

Health Implications

High levels of hexacosanoic acid in the body can lead to a condition called adrenoleukodystrophy, a genetic disorder that affects the nervous system and the adrenal glands. This condition is characterized by the accumulation of very long-chain fatty acids in tissues, leading to progressive neurological damage.

Industrial Uses

Hexacosanoic acid is used in various industrial applications due to its waxy nature. It is used in the production of cosmetics, candles, and polishes. It is also used as a lubricant and a waterproofing agent.

See Also

• Fatty acid
• Saturated fat
• Beta-oxidation
• Adrenoleukodystrophy