High-altitude cerebral edema

High-altitude cerebral edema (HACE) is a severe and potentially fatal condition that can occur at high altitudes, typically above 2,500 meters (8,200 feet). It is a form of altitude sickness and is characterized by swelling in the brain due to the effects of low oxygen levels.

Symptoms

The symptoms of HACE can vary, but often include headache, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, confusion, and difficulty walking. In severe cases, it can lead to coma and death.

Causes

HACE is caused by exposure to low oxygen levels at high altitudes. The exact mechanism is not fully understood, but it is thought to involve increased blood flow to the brain, leading to swelling and increased pressure.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of HACE is based on the presence of symptoms and a history of recent ascent to high altitude. Imaging tests such as MRI or CT scan may be used to confirm the diagnosis.

Treatment

Treatment for HACE involves immediate descent to a lower altitude, if possible. Oxygen therapy and medication such as dexamethasone may also be used to reduce symptoms and swelling in the brain.

Prevention

Prevention of HACE involves gradual ascent to high altitudes, allowing the body time to acclimatize to the lower oxygen levels. Medications such as acetazolamide may also be used to help prevent altitude sickness.

See also

• Altitude sickness
• High-altitude pulmonary edema
• Acute mountain sickness

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