High flow therapy

High flow therapy (also known as high flow nasal cannula or HFNC) is a type of respiratory support method used in the medical field. It delivers adequately heated and humidified medical gas at up to 60 liters per minute. It is considered to have a number of physiological advantages compared to other forms of respiratory support.

Mechanism of Action

The mechanism of action of high flow therapy involves several factors. Firstly, the high flow rates can generate a level of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP), which is beneficial in patients with acute respiratory failure. Secondly, the heated and humidified gas helps to improve patient comfort and compliance, while also improving mucociliary clearance and reducing the work of breathing.

Indications

High flow therapy is indicated in a variety of clinical scenarios, including but not limited to acute hypoxemic respiratory failure, pre-intubation oxygenation, post-extubation oxygenation, acute heart failure, and palliative care. It can be used in both adult and pediatric populations.

Contraindications

Contraindications to high flow therapy include unstable cardiovascular status, uncontrolled airway bleeding, severe nasal obstruction, and inability to protect the airway.

Complications

Potential complications of high flow therapy include nasal dryness, nasal discomfort, and gastric distension. In rare cases, it can also lead to pneumothorax.

See Also

• Oxygen therapy
• Mechanical ventilation
• Respiratory therapy