Root of the lung

Root of the lung

The root of the lung is a complex structure that includes the primary bronchus, pulmonary artery, pulmonary veins, and bronchial vessels, as well as nerves and lymphatics. It is the point at which these structures enter and exit the lung, anchoring it to the mediastinum.

Structure

The root of the lung is located at the mediastinal surface of each lung, at the level of the hilum. It is surrounded by a sleeve of pleura, which forms a cuff as it folds back on itself to line the inner aspect of the mediastinal surface of the lung.

Components

The root of the lung is composed of several structures:

• Primary bronchus: This is the main airway into the lung. It divides into secondary bronchi, which further divide into tertiary bronchi.

• Pulmonary artery: This artery carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs for oxygenation.

• Pulmonary veins: These veins carry oxygenated blood from the lungs back to the heart.

• Bronchial arteries and Bronchial veins: These vessels supply and drain blood to and from the tissues of the lung and bronchi.

• Nerves: These include both sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers, which control the diameter of the bronchi and regulate the secretion of mucus.

• Lymphatics: These vessels drain excess fluid from the lung tissues.

Clinical significance

The root of the lung is a critical area in the diagnosis and treatment of lung diseases. For example, a mass at the root of the lung, known as a hilar mass, can indicate lung cancer or lymphoma. In addition, the structures within the root of the lung can be affected by conditions such as bronchitis, pneumonia, and pulmonary embolism.

See also

• Lung
• Bronchus
• Pulmonary artery
• Pulmonary veins
• Bronchial arteries
• Bronchial veins
• Nerves of the lung
• Lymphatic vessels of the lung