Hindu cosmology

An attempt to depict the creative activities of Prajapati

Upper seven Lokas

Lower seven Lokas purana

Hindu cosmology is the description of the universe and its elements according to the texts of Hinduism. This cosmology plays a significant role in understanding the world's creation, structure, and the cycle of birth, life, death, and rebirth. Hindu cosmology is not a single unified system but a complex amalgamation of ideas found in the Vedas, Upanishads, Puranas, and other philosophical texts.

Overview

In Hindu cosmology, the universe is cyclically created and destroyed. Its timelines are vast, with each cycle divided into four ages (Yugas): Satya Yuga, Treta Yuga, Dvapara Yuga, and Kali Yuga. The current age is the Kali Yuga. The concept of karma plays a central role, influencing the cycle of rebirth (samsara) and ultimately leading to liberation (moksha).

Cosmic Structure

The structure of the universe in Hindu cosmology is multi-layered, consisting of several worlds or realms (Lokas). The most commonly referenced are the three worlds: Swarga (Heaven), Prithvi (Earth), and Patala (Netherworld). The universe is also said to rest on the coils of the cosmic serpent, Shesha, with Lord Vishnu lying in repose on Shesha's coils.

Mount Meru

At the center of the universe is Mount Meru, considered the axis mundi or the cosmic axis, around which all celestial bodies revolve. It is said to be the abode of Brahma and other deities.

Cosmological Texts

Key texts that discuss Hindu cosmology include the Rig Veda, which contains hymns about the origin of the universe, and the Puranas, which provide elaborate details about the structure of the universe, cycles of time, and genealogies of gods, sages, and kings. The Bhagavad Gita, part of the Mahabharata, also discusses aspects of cosmology, such as the impermanence of the universe and the eternal nature of the soul.

Modern Interpretations

In recent years, there has been interest in comparing Hindu cosmology with modern astronomy and physics, particularly concepts like the cyclic universe and vast time scales, which echo the modern understanding of the Big Bang and the possible cyclic nature of the universe.

Conclusion

Hindu cosmology offers a rich and complex view of the universe's origins, structure, and functioning, reflecting the deep philosophical and spiritual insights of ancient Hindu sages. Its cyclical view of time, intricate cosmological structures, and the interplay of karma and dharma provide a unique perspective on the cosmos.